Change versioning and save binaries as CI artifacts

For development versions of Stockfish, the version will now look like
dev-20221107-dca9a0533
indicating a development version, the date of the last commit,
and the git SHA of that commit. If git is not available,
the fallback is the date of compilation. Releases will continue to be
versioned as before.

Additionally, this PR extends the CI to create binary artifacts,
i.e. pushes to master will automatically build Stockfish and upload
the binaries to github.

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/4220

No functional change

.github/workflows/stockfish.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ on:
       - master
       - tools
 jobs:
+  Binaries:
+    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/stockfish_binaries.yml
   Stockfish:
     name: ${{ matrix.config.name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: src
         shell: ${{ matrix.config.shell }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 

.github/workflows/stockfish_binaries.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+name: Stockfish
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+jobs:
+  Stockfish:
+    name: ${{ matrix.config.name }} ${{ matrix.binaries }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
+    env:
+      COMPILER: ${{ matrix.config.compiler }}
+      COMP: ${{ matrix.config.comp }}
+      EXT: ${{ matrix.config.ext }}
+      OS: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
+      BINARY: ${{ matrix.binaries }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        config:
+          - {
+              name: "Ubuntu 20.04 GCC",
+              os: ubuntu-20.04,
+              compiler: g++,
+              comp: gcc,
+              shell: 'bash {0}'
+            }
+          - {
+              name: "MacOS 12 Apple Clang",
+              os: macos-12,
+              compiler: clang++,
+              comp: clang,
+              shell: 'bash {0}'
+            }
+          - {
+              name: "Windows 2022 Mingw-w64 GCC x86_64",
+              os: windows-2022,
+              compiler: g++,
+              comp: mingw,
+              msys_sys: 'mingw64',
+              msys_env: 'x86_64-gcc',
+              shell: 'msys2 {0}',
+              ext: .exe
+            }
+        binaries:
+          - x86-64
+          - x86-64-modern
+          - x86-64-avx2
+        exclude:
+          - binaries: x86-64-avx2
+            config: {os: macos-12}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: src
+        shell: ${{ matrix.config.shell }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Download required linux packages
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update
+
+      - name: Setup msys and install required packages
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        with:
+          msystem: ${{matrix.config.msys_sys}}
+          install: mingw-w64-${{matrix.config.msys_env}} make git expect
+
+      - name: Download the used network from the fishtest framework
+        run: |
+          make net
+
+      - name: Check compiler
+        run: |
+          export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_NDK_HOME/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin
+          $COMPILER -v
+
+      - name: Test help target
+        run: |
+          make help
+
+      # Compile profile guided builds
+
+      - name: Compile ${{ matrix.binaries }} build
+        run: |
+          make clean
+          make -j2 profile-build ARCH=$BINARY COMP=$COMP
+          strip ./stockfish$EXT
+          mv ./stockfish$EXT ../stockfish-$OS-$BINARY$EXT
+
+      - name: Remove non src files
+        run: rm -f *.o .depend *.nnue
+
+      - name: Create tar archive.
+        run: |
+          cd ..
+          mkdir stockfish
+          cp -r src stockfish/
+          cp stockfish-$OS-$BINARY$EXT stockfish/
+          cp "Top CPU Contributors.txt" stockfish/
+          cp Copying.txt stockfish/
+          cp AUTHORS stockfish/
+          tar -cvf stockfish-$OS-$BINARY.tar stockfish
+
+      - name: Upload binaries
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: stockfish-${{ matrix.config.os }}-${{ matrix.binaries }}
+          path: |
+            stockfish-${{ matrix.config.os }}-${{ matrix.binaries }}.tar