Eliminate ONE_PLY

Simplification that eliminates ONE_PLY, based on a suggestion in the forum that
support for fractional plies has never been used, and @mcostalba's openness to
the idea of eliminating it. We lose a little bit of type safety by making Depth
an integer, but in return we simplify the code in search.cpp quite significantly.

No functional change

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The argument favoring eliminating ONE_PLY:

* The term “ONE_PLY” comes up in a lot of forum posts (474 to date)
https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!searchin/fishcooking/ONE_PLY%7Csort:relevance

* There is occasionally a commit that breaks invariance of the code
with respect to ONE_PLY
https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!searchin/fishcooking/ONE_PLY%7Csort:date/fishcooking/ZIPdYj6k0fk/KdNGcPWeBgAJ

* To prevent such commits, there is a Travis CI hack that doubles ONE_PLY
and rechecks bench

* Sustaining ONE_PLY has, alas, not resulted in any improvements to the
  engine, despite many individuals testing many experiments over 5 years.

The strongest argument in favor of preserving ONE_PLY comes from @locutus:
“If we use par example ONE_PLY=256 the parameter space is increases by the
factor 256. So it seems very unlikely that the optimal setting is in the
subspace of ONE_PLY=1.”

There is a strong theoretical impediment to fractional depth systems: the
transposition table uses depth to determine when a stored result is good
enough to supply an answer for a current search. If you have fractional
depths, then different pathways to the position can be at fractionally
different depths.

In the end, there are three separate times when a proposal to remove ONE_PLY
was defeated by the suggestion to “give it a few more months.” So… it seems
like time to remove this distraction from the community.

See the pull request here:
https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2289

src/tt.h

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct TTEntry {
   Move  move()  const { return (Move )move16; }
   Value value() const { return (Value)value16; }
   Value eval()  const { return (Value)eval16; }
-  Depth depth() const { return (Depth)(depth8 * int(ONE_PLY)) + DEPTH_OFFSET; }
+  Depth depth() const { return (Depth)depth8 + DEPTH_OFFSET; }
   bool is_pv() const { return (bool)(genBound8 & 0x4); }
   Bound bound() const { return (Bound)(genBound8 & 0x3); }
   void save(Key k, Value v, bool pv, Bound b, Depth d, Move m, Value ev);